Jeffery Henderson

p. 258 -- electronics and textiles have been the two big industries for the developing third world (sort of...)

tech tends to be higher value, encourage education, encourage capital investment, deman specialized supplies (linkages)

electronics are relatively low polluting

have a great potential to grow into larger industries

p. 259 -- however, only the NICs have managed to get this going, and of them only South Korea has any sizable market share

p. 261 -- many countries’ industries are foreign-owned

many countries can produce but don’t have the ability to innovate

need lots of education to enter the industry

Origins and Trajectories

A regional division of labour

p. 263 -- investment in the third world was dependent on those countries’ abilities to provide highly skilled labour at below first world rates

east asia is integrating as Japan, Korea, and Taiwan invest in offshore plants

Home-grown industries

p. 265 -- Korea has a substantial domestically owned industry

p. 268 -- largely operated under OEM agreements

much of their success is due to state assistance policices

p. 270 -- Korea has made a concerted effort to develop and encourage technology development at the state level

Genuine Development?

p. 273 -- looking at FDI

linkages: connections to the local economy

Linkages

p. 274 -- EPZs tend to separate the TNCs from local economies

p. 275 -- linkages take a long time to develop

p. 276 -- the Korean market is so heavily dominated by the Samsung and Goldstar chaebol that there is little linkage possible

Personnel

Japanese companies are unlikely to localize management

Technology Transfers

p. 278 -- significant value added from improved technology transfers

Working Conditions

p. 279 -- "unrelenting exploitation" of women

Wealth Distribution

p. 280 -- uneven contribution -- helped equality in Hong Kong, but exactly the opposite in China

Future Prospects

Changing market conditions and competitive dynamics

p. 281 -- previous growth had been during a time of great worldwide growth

Technology upgrading

p. 281 -- they need to develop competitive R&D faclities

p. 282 -- technology transfers will be less as they NICs approach the most advaced technologies on the market

Dependent production systems

p. 283 -- most manufacturing done under OEM -- lack of control

the costs of moving te their own brand are very high, but Korea can do it

Conclusion

p. 284 -- very uneven effects, most countries can’t get in