p89--Khrushchev out in Oct 1964--moderate re-stalinization campaign--supported the rulers in Eastern Europe as long as they acted like good communist dictators and enforced the ideology and stayed out of international politics

The Prague Spring and the Brezhnev Doctrine

p91--Czech was "plagued with economic stagnation, political immobility, and moral disaffection." cries for a break from Stalinism--Literary circles in 1963 and 1967 critizied the governemtn--p92--spread to the universities

p92--party’s treatment fo the Slovaks

p93--By Jan 1968 Novotny had been replaced with Alexander Dubcek as party secretary--they wanted to make the system work, not abolish it--Central Committee’s April 1968 "Action Program" declared that inorder to make the system work, they needed to have 1) new gaurentees of freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, 2) freer electoral laws, 3) limitation on communist party’s power, 4) broad economic reforms including limited private enterprise and trade with the West, 5) independent judiciary, 6) federal status for Slovakia, 7) new constitution

p94--wanted to make socialism work, not replace it--but the people got caught up in it and upset that it really was a limited amount of reform--

p95--Warsaw Pact meeting all the Eastern Leaders and Breshnev said they were worried about Czech--tough times for the soviets--criticism from western communists about interviening in other countries--formation of Eruocommunism which denounced Moscow’s right to define communism, threat from China denoucing Moscow’s right to define communism in Asia, Yugoslavia and Albania saying that Moscow should not interfear in other countries

p96--almost immediately the Czech people got involved in their government

p97--Other Soviet states (Russia) said that the anti-communist movement in Czech was a threat to them and so it wasn’t purely an internal issue--i.e., they WOULD interfear.

p99--once again the revolutionary leaders (Dubcek) failed to realize how utterly intolerant of change Moscow was

p101--21 August 1968 Soviet troops invade, kidnapp Dubcek and others--return them when the Czechs refuse to negotiate without them--Dubcek looses all hope--all reforms lost--purges afterwards

p103--Pravda wrote that the invasion had been done sot hat the Czech people could deterimine thier own fate without the threat of the counter-revolutionaries-- "limited sovereignty"

p104--Breschnev’s neo-stalinism got rid of any hope for reform in the eastern bloc countries--demolished the belife that communism could be reformed from within

p105--they had been faithful to the system, just wanting to reform what they saw as wrong in it--but Breschnev could not tolerate any other forms of communism--any change would have led to its destruction

p106--***Breschnev dissapproved of Stalin’s methods, but used them all the same, in fact, without them the Soviet union could not exist--they had to treat people as nothing or they would fail

Revolts and Crackdowns in Poland

p107--***Breschnev had succeeded in taming eastern europe--in brining it under his domination--no real revolutionary threats durring the 1970s

p109--Youth revolution in the universities--Communist party split in two factions--Moczar very anti-semetic--Gomulka communist, tried to get the workser behind him--communist party split--no coherent response--almost exclusively intellectual--no workers involved

p110--December 1970 price increases made the workers protest--Gomulka who had tried to pacify them before had the protestors shot--after that in the 1980s the workser formed a link with intellectuals through the KOR Workers Defense Committee which was what allowed them to be sucessfull.