p154--"Because the whole strategy of the civil society is rooted in the belief that only the restoration of the independent life of society can gaurantee the peaceful transition to a democratic order, such a stratagey goes beyond the simplistic pragmatism of those who advocate the supremacy of tratidional politics"--how the dissidents built up the reovlution

p155--dissident movements used the human rights clause of the Helsinki Agreements and non-violence to legitimze themselves by providing truth--also didn’t want to get caught up in inflicting violence themselves--and the USSR had infinite violent capacity (army=guns)

p156--Communist oppression made the opponents unified--Charter 77 was formed to include all political groups, based on the ideal of human rights as the highest priority of any government

p159-- "The role of the new movements is to convince the average citizen, teh greegrocers who support the system in an inertial way because they cannot envision any alternative to it, that change is indeed possible even under such abysmal conditions as those of the post-totalitarian state."

p160--did not put any real hope in Moscow (initially) because even the best Party Leader could only make things easier, but not institute any fundamental society level change

p162--GDR did not like Gorbachev’s reforms--banned Russian literature under Erich Honecker

p163--dissent movement in GDR was against militarism--used Evangelical Church as a shield--tired to attract people who wanted to *reform* the GDR--not successfull, most people thoguth it was alien

p164--most people (particularly younger) wanted to have nothing to do with the GDR or the SED (Communist party)--the movements were behind Poland and Czech in that they still belived it could be reformed from within

p165--Jan 1982 "Berlin Appeal" asking for an open free debate on the issues of militarism--main author Reiner Epelman, Minister

p166--the church got involved because it wanted to prevent violence

p168--states that are evil towars their own people will be so towards other states--so they had to become a political movement to insure non-militarism

From Civil Society to Political Pluralism

p172--"The very point of Stalinism was to annihiliate such unofficial nulei of resistance. All the propoganda and secret police systems operated in high gear to creat the unifomrity that woud allow the party to establish … ‘the dictatorship over needs’"

p173--"Since communist regimes are based on the fallacy of the ruling party’s omniscience, once the belief systems that underlies them is shattered the regimes enter a stage of deep crisis. They try to adjust tyheir dogmas to reality but refuse to go beyond liminted changes in the instututional ssystem."--Haraszti: phase 1, post-Stalinisht, phase 2, post-totalitarian, phase 3: post-communism